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唐宋两代是永州地区人居环境开发的重要时期,来自中州的士人尤其发挥了重要作用。他们的突出贡献之一即是结合永州丰富的自然山水环境创造了“山水营居”的人居开发模式。一方面,这种营居实践实现了他们或主动或被动“居于山水间”的理想,为他们的自我表达、设计创造甚至理论探索提供了机遇。另一方面,士人们的营居实践也是地方人居环境开发的重要实现途径;它们在后世得到持续的维护、利用与展拓,形成当地人居环境中功能综合的重要公共空间。本文通过对元结浯溪别业、柳宗元八愚宅园、汪藻玩鸥亭三个案例的梳理和比较,总结了这一“山水营居”活动本身及其后续开发的基本特征。
The Tang and Song dynasties are an important period for the development of living environment in Yongzhou, and the scholars from Zhongzhou played an especially important role. One of their outstanding contributions is the combination of Yongzhou's rich natural landscape and the creation of “landscape camping” residential development model. On the one hand, this practice of camping realizes their ideal of active or passive living in the landscape, which provides opportunities for their self-expression, design creation and even theoretical exploration. On the other hand, people's practice of camping is also an important way to realize the development of local living environment. They are maintained, utilized and extended continuously in later generations to form an important public space with integrated functions in the local living environment. This article summarizes the basic characteristics of the “camping in the mountains and rivers” and its follow-up development through the comparisons and comparisons of the three cases of Yuanjieyuxi River, Liu Zongyuan's Eight-Yuyuan Garden and Wangzao Bay.