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氢能作为一种高焓值的绿色能源在解决未来能源危机和环境污染中备受关注,而铝水反应在众多制氢途径中被认为是最具优势的方法之一。本文着重论述了近几年铝基材料水解制氢技术的研究进展。铝水制氢是一种很有发展前景的储存和运输氢能的方式,但Al表面致密的氧化层阻碍了铝水反应的进行,使其难以在常温常压情况下产生氢气。为充分开发利用氢能源,可采用添加碱、氢化物、金属氧化物、无机盐等方式,或将金属单质与Al通过烧结、熔炼、球磨等先进的技术手段进行复合,能够有效地活化Al,从而实现低环境温度、短诱导时间、快产氢速率、高转化率的铝水反应,为燃料电池电动汽车现场供氢。
Hydrogen energy, as a high enthalpy green energy, has drawn much attention in solving future energy crisis and environmental pollution. Aluminum hydride reaction is considered as one of the most advantageous methods in many hydrogen production routes. This article focuses on the research progress of hydrogen production technology of aluminum-based materials in recent years. Hydrogen production from aluminum water is a very promising way to store and transport hydrogen energy. However, the dense oxide layer on the surface of Al blocks the progress of aluminum water reaction and makes it difficult to produce hydrogen at room temperature and pressure. In order to fully exploit and utilize hydrogen energy, alkali, hydride, metal oxide, inorganic salt and the like can be used to make full use of the hydrogen energy, or the metal element can be effectively activated by advanced techniques such as sintering, smelting and ball milling with Al, In order to achieve low ambient temperature, short induction time, fast hydrogen production rate, high conversion rate of aluminum water reaction for the fuel cell electric car on-site hydrogen supply.