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目的探讨长期暴露于坦克舱室有害因素对乘员肺功能的影响。方法在某坦克部队选取196名职业性坦克乘员作为坦克乘员组,并在同一部队选取基本情况相似的156名非坦克作业战士作为非坦克乘员组,采用CHEST-GRAPH HI-101型肺功能仪对2组人员进行肺功能检查,检测指标包括用力肺活量(FVC),第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1),1 s用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC),最大呼气中期流量(MMF),最高呼气流量(PEF),用力呼出25%、50%、75%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF25、FEF50、FEF75)。结果与非坦克乘员组比较,坦克乘员组肺功能指标FEV1、MMF、FEF50显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);坦克乘员组FVC、FEV1和FEF25异常率及肺功能损害发生率显著高于非坦克乘员组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与非坦克乘员组比较,不同军龄段坦克乘员中>2～5年组FEV1显著降低(P<0.01);>5～8年组FEV1、MMF、FEF50显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。不同坦克作业岗位的乘员中,车长组肺功能指标中的FVC、FEV1显著低于非坦克乘员组(P<0.01);炮长组肺功能指标中的FEV1、MMF、FEF75显著低于非坦克乘员组(P<0.05,P<0.01);驾驶员组肺功能指标中FVC、FEV1显著低于非坦克乘员组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论坦克乘员肺功能受到一定程度的影响,其中以>5～8年军龄的车长及炮长损伤最为严重。
Objective To explore the impact of long-term exposure to tank compartment harmful factors on occupant’s lung function. Methods A total of 196 professional tank crews were selected as tank crews in a tank force and 156 non-tank crews with basic similarities were selected as non-tank crews by the same force. CHEST-GRAPH HI-101 pulmonary function test Two groups of patients were tested for pulmonary function, including FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, MMF), maximum expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory exhalation (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75) of 25%, 50%, and 75% of vital capacity. Results Compared with the non-tank crew, the lung function indexes of tank crew were significantly lower (P <0.05, P <0.01), and the abnormal rates of FVC, FEV1 and FEF25 and the incidence of pulmonary dysfunction were significantly higher in tank crew Non-tank crews (P <0.05, P <0.01). Compared with non-tank crew, the FEV1 of the tank crew of different military age ranged from 2 to 5 years decreased significantly (P <0.01); FEV1, MMF and FEF50 decreased significantly from 5 to 8 years (P <0.05, P <0.01) . Among the crew members with different tank occupations, the FVC and FEV1 in the lung function of the driver group were significantly lower than those in the non-tank crew (P <0.01); the FEV1, MMF and FEF75 in the lung function index of the gunner group were significantly lower than those in the non-tank Crew (P <0.05, P <0.01). The FVC and FEV1 in the driver group were significantly lower than those in the non-tank crew (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion The lung function of the tank crew is affected to a certain extent, of which the captain and the gunner with the military age of more than 5-8 years are most seriously injured.