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1985～1992年,印度奥里萨邦营造了10万hm~2的乡村人工林,这是一项旨在解决农村贫困人口生活及减轻对天然林压力的援助工程。本文目的在于研究这项工程的经济收益和环境效应。为此,我们收集了大量的资料,既包括农户所使用的不同来源的生物量资料,也包括用于建立植被现状及相对于用户的空间分布关系的遥感信息资料。研究表明,由于增加了农村贫困人口生物物质的消耗量,减少了他们从天然林中收获的薪柴,从而减少了对于天然林的压力,人工林对于该地区人们生存条件的改善具有重要意义,特别是对于妇女,更具有特殊的作用。但是,为了使该项目得以成功地进行下去,还需要实施重要的管理措施,特别是应当注意对造林区的确定(考虑到与天然林的关系)。
From 1985 to 1992, the state of Orissa in India created 100,000 hectares of rural plantations, an aid project aimed at alleviating the rural poor population and alleviating the pressure on natural forests. The purpose of this paper is to study the economic benefits and environmental effects of this project. To this end, we have collected a great deal of information, including biomass information from different sources used by farmers, and remote sensing information used to establish the status of vegetation and its spatial distribution relative to users. Research shows that plantation forests are of great importance to the improvement of people’s living conditions in the region due to the increased consumption of biological substances from rural poor population and the reduction of firewood they harvest from natural forests, thus reducing the pressure on natural forests. Especially for women, have a more special role. However, in order for the project to proceed successfully, important management measures will need to be implemented, in particular the identification of afforestation areas (taking into account the relationship with natural forests).