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概述了作物模型的发展历史和现状,并着重介绍了作物模型的新发展─基于QTL的作物生长模型。作者介绍了基于QTL的作物生长模型的原理,应用前提与基本步骤,并以一个光温发育模型准确预测大麦重组自交系的开花期为例,介绍基于QTL的作物生长模型在从基因型到预测表型中的应用和发展。结合这些研究进展,总结了基于QTL的作物模型对提高分子辅助育种效率和进行分子育种设计的帮助:模型可以去除环境误差,提高遗传分析精度;模型可以把复杂的产量性状分解为不同的生理组成部分,进而分析每一个生理组分的遗传变异,并利用模型来优化组合各生理过程,设计出最佳植株;作物生长模型可以预测复杂环境因子变化与植株性状之间的反馈调控与协变趋势,预测“QTL-环境互作”。最后作者结合基因组技术的发展,展望了结合全基因组连锁分析的“基于基因的作物模型”的发展前景。
The history and current status of the development of the crop model are summarized. New developments of the crop model - the crop growth model based on QTL are highlighted. The author introduced the principle, application preconditions and basic steps of QTL-based crop growth model. Taking a light-temperature development model as an example to accurately forecast the flowering stage of barley inbred lines, the QTL-based crop growth model was introduced in this study. Predict phenotype in the application and development. Combining with these research advances, the QTL-based crop models are summarized to help improve molecular-assisted breeding efficiency and molecular breeding design. The model can remove environmental errors and improve the accuracy of genetic analysis. The model can decompose complex yield traits into different physiological components And then analyze the genetic variation of each physiological component and use the model to optimize the combination of the physiological processes to design the best plant; crop growth model can predict the feedback regulation and covariation trend between the changes of complex environmental factors and plant traits , Forecast “QTL-environment interaction ”. Finally, combining with the development of genomics, the author of the paper prospected the development prospect of “gene-based crop model ” combined with genome-wide linkage analysis.