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目的 :研究电磁脉冲 (EMP)照射后小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织病理变化。方法 :198只小鼠经 6× 10 4V/m电磁脉冲辐照后 6h、1d、3d、7d、14d、2 8d、3个月、6个月、9个月和 12个月共 10个时相点活杀取脾脏和胸腺 ,分别应用光镜和电镜进行组织学和超微结构观察。结果 :电磁脉冲辐照后早期 :脾脏脾小体结构不清 ,体积缩小 ,生发中心不明显 ;淋巴细胞核固缩、崩解 ;红髓中巨噬细胞增多 ,血窦扩张、充血明显。照后中期 :脾脏红髓纤维化 ;胸腺皮质细胞变性坏死 ,髓质内可见灶状出血 ,出血灶周围细胞核固缩。照后后期 :脾脏出现“假小叶”状纤维化 ,胸腺皮质变薄 ,髓质变宽 ,皮髓质比例倒置 ,髓质内纤维组织增生甚至纤维化。照后晚期 :脾脏被膜增厚 ,胸腺出现萎缩 ,脾脏和胸腺中的淋巴细胞均有所恢复。在透射电镜下 ,脾脏和胸腺内淋巴细胞均出现典型的凋亡图像。结论 :电磁脉冲辐照后脾脏和胸腺发生明显损伤 ,脾脏损伤更为严重和迅速 ,其病变具有进行性、阶段性及缓慢恢复性特点 ,表明免疫系统器官为EMP辐照敏感组织之一。
Objective: To study the histopathological changes of spleen and thymus in mice irradiated with electromagnetic pulse (EMP). Methods: A total of 198 mice were irradiated with 6 × 10 4 V / m electromagnetic pulse for 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months Phase live to kill the spleen and thymus, respectively, the application of light microscopy and electron microscopy histological and ultrastructural observation. Results: In the early stage after the irradiation of electromagnetic pulse, the structure of splenic spleen was unclear, the volume was reduced and the germinal center was not obvious. Lymphocyte nuclear pyknosis and disintegration; macrophages in the red pulp increased, the sinusoids dilated and the congestion was obvious. According to the metaphase: spleen red pulp fibrosis; degeneration and necrosis of thymus cortical cells, visible in the medulla of focal hemorrhage, nuclear condensation around the hemorrhage. According to the latter part of the period: the spleen appeared “pseudolobule” fibrosis, thymus cortex thinning, medulla widening, corticomedullary inverted, medullary fibrous tissue hyperplasia and even fibrosis. According to the late stage after the thickened spleen capsule, thymus shrinkage, spleen and thymus lymphocytes were restored. Under the transmission electron microscope, lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus showed typical apoptotic images. CONCLUSION: The spleen and thymus are obviously damaged after irradiation with electromagnetic pulse. The spleen injury is more serious and rapid. The pathological changes of the spleen and thymus are progressive, phased and slow recovery, indicating that the immune system organ is one of the sensitive tissues of EMP irradiation.