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目的分析四川省不同老年人群的失能老人比例、严重程度和分布特点,为进一步实施干预措施提供基线数据。方法 2011年10月-2012年8月分别选择农村社区、城市社区、急性病房、康复病房等多个样本来源的老年人使用老年失能评估量表进行面对面调查。结果共调查1 406名受试者,回收有效问卷1 387份,问卷有效回收率为98.7%,平均年龄(73.8±8.2)岁。农村社区老人的失能率最高(81.4%),急性病房为79.2%,康复病房为64.5%,城市社区为53.8%,不同来源老年人失能率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不论样本来源如何,随着年龄的增长,失能率均逐渐上升。对样本总体而言,失能老人大多数为轻度失能(80.5%),但急性病房和康复病房住院老人重度和极重度失能比例较高。结论四川省老年失能率随年龄增长而增加,失能严重程度也随年龄增长而加重,但失能老人大多数为轻度失能。农村老人失能状况尤为突出。
Objective To analyze the proportion, severity and distribution of disabled elders in different elderly population in Sichuan Province and provide baseline data for further implementation of interventions. Methods From October 2011 to August 2012, elderly people from multiple sample sources, including rural communities, urban communities, acute wards and rehabilitation wards, were interviewed face-to-face using the Scale for Aging in the Elderly. Results A total of 1 406 subjects were investigated, and 1 387 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective rate of questionnaires was 98.7% with an average age of 73.8 ± 8.2 years. The incidence of disability among the elderly in rural communities was the highest (81.4%), that of acute wards was 79.2%, that of rehabilitation wards was 64.5% and that of urban communities was 53.8%. There was significant difference in the disability rate among the elderly (P <0.001). Regardless of the source of the samples, as age increases, incapacitation rates are gradually increasing. For the sample population, the majority of disabled seniors were mildly incapacitated (80.5%), but there was a high prevalence of severe and profound disability among hospitalized seniors in acute wards and rehabilitation wards. Conclusion The elderly disability rate in Sichuan Province increased with age and the severity of disability increased with age. However, most of disability elderly patients were mild disability. The disability of the elderly in rural areas is particularly prominent.