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乙型病毒性肝炎是全球严重的公共卫生问题之一,每年大约有65万患者死于乙肝相关的疾病,如慢性乙肝、肝硬化和肝细胞癌等。许多研究表明,不同的HBV基因型及亚型由于其基因结构的差异可以造成致病性的差异,从而影响乙肝患者的临床表现、治疗及预后等。目前为止,HBV已经发现了10种基因型和40多种亚型,不同的基因型别地区分布不同。了解HBV基因型及其特征,有利于进一步对HBV的流行病学进行研究,利于预测疾病的严重性,从而更好地制定防治策略。
Hepatitis B virus is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. About 650,000 patients die from hepatitis B-related diseases each year, such as chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies have shown that different HBV genotypes and subtypes can cause pathogenic differences due to differences in their genetic structure, thus affecting the clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of hepatitis B patients. So far, HBV has found 10 genotypes and more than 40 subtypes, different genotypes of different regions. Understanding HBV genotypes and their characteristics is conducive to further study of the epidemiology of HBV, which will help to predict the severity of the disease and to better develop prevention and control strategies.