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墨西哥是拉美积极推行私有化并取得了较大进展的国家之一。在私有化进程中,墨西哥注重把国营企业私有化和整顿、扶植国营企业结合进行,坚持运用国家干预和市场调节两种经济手段。这既与世界银行的主张相悖,也同拉美一些国家(如阿根廷等)的作法不同。一、墨西哥私有化势在必行1982年后墨西哥实行的国营企业私有化,是转换企业机制实现经济向外向型模式转变的必然决择。80年代初,墨西哥国家资本主义已相当强大,共拥有国营企业1155家,国家资本在国民经济中占主导地位,国家通过石油、钢铁、电力、交通运输、邮电通讯等关键部门和骨
Mexico is one of the countries in Latin America that has actively privatized and made significant progress. In the process of privatization, Mexico focused on privatizing and rectifying state-owned enterprises, fostering the combination of state-owned enterprises and insisting on using two types of economic instruments: state intervention and market regulation. This is not only contrary to the World Bank’s assertion but also to some countries in Latin America (such as Argentina). First, the privatization of Mexico is imperative The privatization of state-owned enterprises in Mexico after 1982 is an inevitable choice for transforming the enterprise mechanism to achieve the transformation of the economy’s export-oriented model. In the early 1980s, Mexico’s state capitalism was quite powerful with a total of 1155 state-owned enterprises. State capital dominates the national economy. The state has passed key sectors such as oil, steel, electricity, transportation, post and telecommunications, and bone