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目的了解宜昌市各类急性脑炎与脑膜炎的流行病学和病原学特征,分析其病原谱构成,为急性脑炎与脑膜炎防控提供参考依据。方法在湖北省宜昌地区开展急性脑炎脑膜炎病例哨点监测,确定监测病例的病例定义,对纳入的监测病例开展流行病学调查,对血清和脑脊液标本开展实验室检测。结果共监测病例3 066例,监测病例以男性患者居多,夏季为高发季节。实验室检测确诊的病毒性病原构成比居前三位的病原为肠道病毒(33.71%)、单纯疱疹病毒(32.36%)和腮腺炎病毒(27.54%)。细菌性病原构成比居前两位的病原为肺炎链球菌(43.13%)和脑膜炎球菌(41.18%)。结论急性脑炎、脑膜炎防控应集中在夏季,低年龄组是脑炎脑膜炎的高危人群,开展脑炎脑膜炎的早期病原学检测,可明确诊断、提高治愈率、减少并发症。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of various types of acute encephalitis and meningitis in Yichang City, analyze the composition of the pathogenic spectrum and provide a reference for prevention and control of acute encephalitis and meningitis. Methods The surveillance of acute encephalitis meningitis in sentinel sites was conducted in Yichang, Hubei Province. The case definition of monitoring cases was confirmed. Epidemiological investigation of the included surveillance cases and laboratory tests of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were carried out. Results A total of 3 066 cases were monitored. The majority of male patients were monitored and summer was the high incidence season. The top three pathogens that were confirmed by laboratory tests were enterovirus (33.71%), herpes simplex virus (32.36%) and mumps virus (27.54%). Bacterial pathogens constitute the top two pathogens of Streptococcus pneumoniae (43.13%) and meningococci (41.18%). Conclusions The prevention and control of acute encephalitis and meningitis should be concentrated in the summer. The low age group is a high risk population of encephalitis meningitis. Early etiological detection of encephalitis meningitis can be diagnosed to improve the cure rate and reduce the complications.