综述了近几年研究人员以蒙脱石、高岭石和膨润土作为吸附材料,去除水溶液中的砷、镉、铬、铜、铅几种重金属离子。通过酸性活化改性,有机分子嫁接改性,纳米氧化物涂层和柱撑等手段,提高了粘土矿物的吸附性能,达到更好的吸附效果。结果表明有机改性更有利于蒙脱石等粘土矿物对于重金属离子的吸附,同时指出pH是影响吸附效果的关键因素。 In the recent years, the authors reviewed montmorillonite, kaolinite and bentonite as adsorbent to remove some heavy metal ions such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper and lead in aqueous solution. Activated by acidic modification, organic molecules graft modification, nano-oxide coating and pillars and other means to improve the adsorption properties of clay minerals to achieve better adsorption. The results show that organic modification is more conducive to adsorption of heavy metal ions such as montmorillonite clay minerals, also pointed out that pH is the key factor affecting the adsorption effect.