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性行为是目前艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播的主要途径,超过80%的新发HIV感染是通过性传播。精液不仅是HIV的载体,而且含有能增强HIV感染的多肽。体外实验证明,精液中的前列腺磷酸酶多肽成分(PAP248-286、PAP85-120)能和精囊蛋白(SEM1、SEM2)的多肽片段形成淀粉样原纤维,显著促进HIV感染。这些精液源性多肽利用其独特的cross-β淀粉样原纤维结构和富含阳离子的表面电荷,在病毒和靶细胞间形成阳离子桥(cationic bridge),促进病毒结合靶细胞,从而增强HIV感染。因此,研究人员目前正在研发多种以精液源性多肽为靶点的药物,用于预防HIV性传播。这些药物包括阴离子聚合物、绿茶提取物(EGCG)、苯并噻唑苯胺(BTA)等。体外实验证明,这些药物能抵消精液源性多肽介导的促HIV感染的作用。文章描述了有关精液源性多肽促进HIV感染的研究,以及相关拮抗物的研发工作。
Sex is the main route of transmission of HIV, and over 80% of new HIV infections are transmitted through sex. Semen is not only a carrier of HIV, but also contains peptides that enhance HIV infection. In vitro experiments showed that the seminal vesicles of prostate phosphatase polypeptide (PAP248-286, PAP85-120) and seminal vesicle protein (SEM1, SEM2) polypeptide fragments form amyloid fibrils, significantly promote HIV infection. These sperm-derived peptides utilize their unique cross-beta amyloid fibril structure and cation-rich surface charges to form a cationic bridge between the virus and the target cells, promoting the virus’s binding to target cells and thereby enhancing HIV infection. Therefore, the researchers are currently developing a variety of drugs targeted to semen-derived peptides for the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV. These drugs include anionic polymers, green tea extract (EGCG), benzothiazole aniline (BTA) and the like. In vitro experiments show that these drugs counteract the role of sperm-derived peptides in promoting HIV infection. The article describes the research on semen-derived peptides to promote HIV infection and the development of related antagonists.