目的：用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ） 和血清学方法检测ＨＬＡＢ２７ ，并进行比较。方法：采用ＰＣＲ 技术检测７８ 例可疑为强直性脊椎炎患者样本的ＨＬＡＢ２７ 基因，并与血清学结果比较。结果：３６ 例具有Ｂ２７ 基因者中２４ 例同时作血清学试验，５ 例血清学难以判定结果，并与ＰＣＲ 结果不一致。４２ 例无Ｂ２７ 基因者中２１ 例同时作血清学试验，３ 例血清学结果为可疑。结论：Ｂ２７ 基因检定技术与血清学方法比较，有快速、简便、准确性高等优点。 Objective: To detect HLAB27 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological methods, and to compare. Methods: The PCR technique was used to detect HLAB27 gene in 78 cases of suspected ankylosing spondylitis patients and compared with the serological results. Results: Of the 36 patients with B27 gene, 24 were serologically tested at the same time. The results of serological tests were difficult to determine in 5 cases and were inconsistent with the results of PCR. Twenty-one of the 42 non-B27 gene serological tests were performed at the same time, and 3 serological tests were suspicious. Conclusion: B27 gene assay technology and serological methods, compared with fast, simple, high accuracy and so on.