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自朱元璋灭元,重构汉族正统政权以来,明代前期的统治者大多实施严刑峻法、重典治国的政策,空前加强了专制集权。且实行厂卫制度,形成了“士大夫不安其职,商贾不安于途,庶民不安于业”[1]的人人自危、人人侧足的局面。同时,明王朝也需要大批文人致仕,协助治理国家。朱元璋曾规定:“士大夫不为君用者,罪该抄杀。”为了规范、控制文人的行为和思想,往往采取高压和怀柔并用的手段。对于能与朝廷合作的文人,以征召、选聘及学校科
Since Zhu Yuanzhang eradicated the monarchy and reconstructed the Han’s orthodox regime, most of the rulers in the early Ming Dynasty carried out the policy of severely punishing the tyranny of the rule of law and strengthening the autocratic monarchy. And the implementation of factory health system, formed a “scholar uneasy, merchants restless way, common people uneasy ” [1] Everyone at risk, everyone sidefooted situation. At the same time, the Ming dynasty also required a large number of literati to help govern the country. Zhu Yuanzhang once stipulated: “Scholar-officials are not monarchs, and sin should be copied.” "In order to regulate and control the behavior and thoughts of the literati, they often resort to the combination of high pressure and gentleness and softness. For civilians who can cooperate with the court, they should be recruited, hired and arranged for the school section