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铁调素是一种肝脏分泌的小分子肽，其对铁代谢调节起负调控作用。铁的缺乏与过载会导致多种疾病，但机体本身缺乏对铁排泄的调控机制，所以铁调素的负调控作用对维持机体铁代谢平衡尤为重要，对铁调素调控机制的研究也逐渐受到关注。研究发现铁代谢异常、贫血、炎症、缺氧等因素均对铁调素的生成起调控作用，从而间接地影响机体铁代谢平衡。随着分子生物学的发展，在明确铁调素基因表达及分子构成的基础上，对刺激其表达的信号通路也取得了研究进展，如经典的BMP／SMAD信号通路和JAK／STAT信号通路。调节信号通路的调节因子也随之被发现，如铁调素调节蛋白、跨膜丝氨酸蛋白6、Neogenin蛋白、遗传性血色素沉着症候选基因等。它们的发现有助于阐明生理性和病理性铁代谢异常的分子生物学机制，同时使铁调素有望成为新的诊治铁代谢异常疾病的手段。“,”Hepcidin is a small molecular peptide synthesized and secreted by liver which is responsible for the degenerative regulation of iron metabolism.Iron deficiency and overload will lead to many diseases, because there is no regulation mechanism of iron excretion in human body ,the degenerative regulation of hep-cidin is particularly important to maintain iron metabolism balance.Study on this regulation mechanism has more attention.Study found that abnormal iron metabolism,inflammation,anemia and hypoxia can affect hep-cidin formation and indirectly affect iron metabolism balance .With the development of molecular biology , after clarifying gene expression and molecular signaling pathways of hepcidin ,progress has been made in the pathways of stimulating hepcidin expression,such as the classic BMP/SMAD and JAK/STAT signal path-ways.Regulators have also been found such as HJV,TMPRSS6,Neogenin,HFE,the discovery of which is helpful to elucidate the molecular biological mechanisms of physiological and pathological abnormal iron metabolism,and make hepcidin promising to become the new diagnosis and treatment method of abnormal i-ron metabolism.