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“不是A而是B”是一种常见的语法格式。在构成上,“不是A而是B”中的A和B可以是小句,也可以是NP、VP或AP,还可以是骈合形式;在语义上,A和B可以是相类关系、相反关系、相同关系、相递关系和相离关系;在语用上,“不是A而是B”用在反预期的语境中,具体情况又是复杂多样的。“不是A而是B”在各个层面有复杂的一面,但同时也有统一的一面:在结构上,“不是”和“而是”须保持语法性质的一致;在语义上,A和B尽管在客观上是多样的,但又一律被说话人看作是相反的关系;在语用上,“不是A而是B”传达的是反预期信息。
“Not A but B ” is a common syntax format. In composition, A and B in “not A but B ” can be clauses, NPs, VPs or APs, and can also be conjunctive; semantically, A and B can be similar Relationship, relationship of oppositeness, relationship of the same, relation of phase and relation and relationship of dissociation; in terms of pragmatics, “not A but B” is used in the context of counter-anticipation, and the specific situation is complex and diverse. “Not A but B ” has a complex aspect at all levels, but at the same time there is a unified side: structurally, “not” and “but” must be consistent in grammatical nature; semantically Although A and B are objectively diverse, they are uniformly treated as the opposite relationship by the speaker; in terms of pragmatics, “not A but B” conveys counter-expected information.