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目的分析上海市婴儿死亡情况,比较不同户籍婴儿死亡的特征差异,以减少婴儿死亡的发生。方法描述2004~2013年上海市婴儿死亡率的变化特征和趋势。收集2004和2013年上海市出生和死亡登记数据,建立婴儿寿命表,分析不同时期婴儿死亡的特征。结果 2004~2013年上海市不同沪籍婴儿死亡率均呈下降趋势,沪籍下降了25.65%,非沪籍下降了45.20%。2004年沪籍和非沪籍婴儿的期望寿命分别为352.98天和322.21天,至2013年分别上升至356.39天和336.28天。婴儿死亡中新生儿仍占了较大比重,新生儿死亡中超过60%发生于新生儿早期。目前婴儿死亡的首位原因为先天性心脏病(沪籍:54.18/10万,非沪籍:221.51/10万),其次为出生窒息(沪籍:30.96/10万,非沪籍:54.46/10万)。值得注意的是,非沪籍婴儿损伤中毒的死亡率几乎不变(47.07/10万),占婴儿死亡的比例从2004年的3.38%上升为6.11%。结论上海市婴儿健康状况的改善,婴儿死亡率的进一步下降,需预防和控制先天异常和新生儿病的发生,重点关注是非沪籍婴儿,尤其是控制早期婴儿死亡。
Objective To analyze the infant deaths in Shanghai and compare the differences in the deaths among different kinds of registered children in order to reduce the incidence of infant deaths. Methods Describe the characteristics and trends of infant mortality in Shanghai from 2004 to 2013. Data on births and deaths in Shanghai in 2004 and 2013 were collected and infant life tables were established to analyze the characteristics of infant deaths in different periods. Results From 2004 to 2013, the infant mortality rates among different Shanghai-based Shanghai residents showed a downward trend with a decline of 25.65% for Shanghai residents and 45.20% for non-Shanghai residents. The expected life expectancy of Shanghai-based and non-Shanghai-born babies in 2004 were 352.98 days and 322.21 days respectively, up to 356.39 days and 336.28 days in 2013 respectively. Newborns still account for a large proportion of infant deaths and more than 60% of neonatal deaths occur in early neonates. At present, the first cause of infant death is congenital heart disease (Shanghai: 54.18 / 100000, non-Shanghai: 221.51 / 100000), followed by birth asphyxia (Shanghai: 30.96 / 100000, non-Shanghai: 54.46 / 10 Million). It is worth noting that the mortality rate of non-Shanghai infants with infant injuries is almost unchanged (47.07 / 100,000) and the proportion of infant deaths increased from 3.38% in 2004 to 6.11%. Conclusion The improvement of infant health in Shanghai and the further decline of infant mortality need to prevent and control the occurrence of congenital anomalies and neonatal diseases. The focus is on non-Shanghai infants, especially the control of early infant deaths.