由于“国进民退”必然引发一系列利益关系的调整,因而也成为我们关注的重点。在中国近现代史上,洋务运动时期、20世纪三四十年代及建国初期均发生过大规模的“国进民退”现象。这三次“国进民退”的历史背景、具体途径、涉及领域、实现程度及其影响等均有所不同,这似乎也说明对“国进民退”现象也不能一概而论。 Since “national and private investment” is bound to trigger a series of adjustments in the relations of interest, it has also become the focus of our attention. In the modern history of China, the Westernization Movement, the 1930s and 1940s and the early years of the founding of the PRC all witnessed a large-scale “retreat of the state and the people”. The three historical backgrounds, specific approaches, areas involved, degree of realization and their effects are all different. This also seems to indicate that the phenomenon of “going back to the people and entering the country and returning to the people” can not be generalized.