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目的对国内外基本卫生服务模式进行对比研究,探索在我国经济发展水平不同的地区,与本地情况相适应的基本职业卫生服务工作模式。方法通过对西方经济发达国家及发展中国家在基本职业卫生服务方面的探索和经验的研究,结合我国近几年在试点工作方面的经验,寻求适合我国具体国情的基本职业卫生服务的主要几种模式。结果①在各主要经济发达国家其基本卫生服务已经可以覆盖绝大多数职业人群。②在部分发展中国家也通过采取与初级卫生保健相结合,协调发展的模式,有效提高了职业人群基本职业卫生服务覆盖率。③我国在基本职业卫生服务试点工作中,取得了一定的经验,但也发现存在着一些问题。结论我国应结合各地经济发展的水平,根据本辖区企业的规模、行业特点、存在的主要职业危害因素来制定符合本地情况的基本职业卫生服务模式,重点解决当地最主要的基本职业卫生问题,促进我国职业卫生工作的进一步开展。
Objective To compare the basic health service modes both at home and abroad and explore the basic occupational health service mode that is suitable for the local conditions in different regions with different levels of economic development in our country. Methods Based on the research and experience of basic economic services in developed and western countries and the experiences of pilot work in recent years in our country, we find several main types of basic occupational health services that are suitable for our country’s specific national conditions mode. Results ① In all the major economically developed countries, their basic health services can already cover the vast majority of occupational groups. ② In some developing countries, the mode of coordinated development with primary health care has also been adopted to effectively increase the occupational population’s coverage of basic occupational health services. ③ China has gained some experience in the pilot work of basic occupational health services, but also found some problems. Conclusion China should formulate a basic occupational health service model that is in line with local conditions in accordance with the level of economic development in all localities and in accordance with the scale of the enterprises in the area, the characteristics of the industry and the major occupational hazards that exist, and focus on solving the most important basic occupational health problems and promoting China’s occupational health work to further carry out.