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陆地生态系统中,土壤酶活性是衡量土壤肥力生物功能的重要指标。然而,当前通用的土壤酶学技术存在诸多缺陷,导致测定结果不能准确反映土壤酶活性与分布在环境中的真实情况,限制了土壤酶学的发展和土壤生物过程的研究。原位酶谱技术是以荧光底物为基础的新兴酶学技术,该技术不需破坏性取样,操作简单,准确度高,能在nm到μm的尺度上反应土壤酶活性的空间联系变化,很大程度上克服了传统土壤酶学技术的不足,近年来在土壤酶学研究中越来越受重视。本文概述了原位酶谱技术的发展过程及其原理与操作,首次综述了原位酶谱技术在土壤元素循环中的应用和成果,并展望了该技术的优化方向,以及与其他分析化学、酶学、分子生物学技术耦合应用在土壤生物过程研究中的价值,以期推动该技术的成熟与推广。
In terrestrial ecosystems, soil enzyme activity is an important indicator of the biological function of soil fertility. However, there are many defects in current common soil enzymology techniques, which lead to the fact that the determination results can not accurately reflect the real situation of soil enzyme activity and distribution in the environment, which limits the development of soil enzymology and the study of soil biological processes. In situ zymography is an emerging enzymology technology based on fluorescent substrate. The technique does not require destructive sampling and has simple operation and high accuracy. It can reflect the spatial relationship of soil enzyme activity from nm to μm, To a large extent overcome the deficiencies of traditional soil enzymology technology, in recent years, more and more attention in the study of soil enzymes. In this paper, the development process, principle and operation of in situ zymography were summarized. The application and results of in situ zymography in soil element cycling were reviewed for the first time. The optimization direction of the technique was prospected, and its relationships with other analytical chemistry, Enzymology, molecular biology technology in the application of soil biological processes in the value of research, with a view to promoting the maturity of the technology and promotion.