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目的详尽了解嗅神经的显微解剖学特点,为手术入路中嗅神经的保护提供形态学参数。方法 15例(30侧)颅骨干标本,进行筛板区域的观察和测量。15例(30侧)尸头,对嗅球、嗅束及嗅三角进行显微解剖学观察和拍照。结果筛孔分布在前颅底中线两侧长为(19.77±1.23)mm,中点处宽为(3.15±0.45)mm的蝶形陷凹内;鼻甲侧筛孔数目明显多于鼻中隔侧,鸡冠两侧筛孔相对密集。嗅神经由嗅鞘包裹,于嗅窝内汇集形成嗅球,嗅球后极延续为嗅束,走行在前颅窝底直回与内侧眶回之间。嗅束于前穿质前部延续为嗅三角,并分为内侧嗅纹、外侧嗅纹进入脑实质。结论熟悉嗅神经的显微解剖特点,有利于提高相关手术入路中嗅神经的保护及嗅觉功能的保留,从而提高手术成功率,减少并发症的发生率。
Objective To understand the anatomic features of the olfactory nerve in detail and provide morphological parameters for the protection of the olfactory nerve in the surgical approach. Methods Fifteen cases (30 sides) of skull dry specimens were observed and measured in the area of sieve plate. Fifteen (30 sides) cadaver heads were used to observe the microscopic anatomy of olfactory bulb, olfactory tract and olfactory triangle. Results The meshes were distributed in the butterfly pits with the length of (19.77 ± 1.23) mm on both sides of the midline of the skull base and (3.15 ± 0.45) mm at the midpoint. The numbers of mesial side of turbinate were more than that of nasal septum, The mesh on both sides is relatively dense. The olfactory nerve is wrapped by the olfactory sheath, which collects in the olfactory fossa to form the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb follows the olfactory tract, and runs between the anterior cranial fossa and the medial orbital gyrus. Olfactory bundle in the front of the continuity of the front of the veil of the olfactory triangle, and is divided into the inner sniffing, lateral snort into the parenchyma. Conclusion Familiarity with the anatomic features of the olfactory nerve helps to improve the preservation of the olfactory nerve and the preservation of the olfactory function in the relevant surgical approach, so as to improve the success rate of operation and reduce the incidence of complications.