在中国封建专制时代,任何独创性都会遭到摧残和毁灭。因此,在文化艺术方面,真正的文化名人大多被视为令人惊异的奇怪人物,而难以逃脱悲剧性的命运。虽然不能说没有独立的文化人格,但传统的磁场紧紧地统摄着全盘。再强悍的文化个性也会在前后牵连的网络中层层损减。本该独立而健全的人格,越来越趋向于群体性的互渗和耗散。互渗于空间便成为一种社会性的认同、互渗于时间则成为一种传统的定势。个体人格在这两种力量的拉扯中履步艰难。在中国文化艺术史上,虽然真正的文化名人数不胜数。但最令我割舍不下的就要数阮籍、嵇康、白居易、徐渭和朱耷、原济这些人了。他们的人生虽然极为惨苦。但是,他们却能在精神酷刑的炼狱中建构起自己独立强悍的文化人格。对此,我们将分别予以论述,以期对重建当代人的文化本体有所启益。 In the era of feudal autocracy in China, any ingenuity will be destroyed and destroyed. Therefore, in terms of culture and the arts, the real cultural celebrities are mostly regarded as amazing strange people, but difficult to escape the tragic fate. Although it can not be said that there is no independent cultural personality, the traditional magnetic field tightly comprehends the whole. And then tough cultural personality will be implicated in the network before and after layers of loss. The independent and healthy personality, more and more tend to group mutual infiltration and dissipation. Mutual infiltration in space has become a social identity, mutual infiltration of time has become a traditional trend. Individual personality in the pull of these two forces to work hard. In the history of Chinese culture and art, there are countless genuine cultural figures. But most of the time I gave up I want to count on Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Bai Juyi, Xu Wei and Zhu Xi, who originally belonged to these people. Although their life is extremely painful. However, they can construct their own independent and powerful cultural personality in the spiritual torture purgatory. In this regard, we will discuss separately, with a view to rebuilding the cultural identity of contemporary people.