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本文调查分析2515名上海本地学生语言使用和语言能力,将其与近15年来相关调查数据进行历时比较,结果发现上海青少年的语言使用习惯发生了明显的改变,方言能力呈明显下降的趋势。尽管青少年的方言使用率会随着年龄的增长而略有提高,但其方言能力并没有显著的年龄变化。青少年的第一语言习得状况、语言使用习惯、语言态度以及家庭语言环境是影响其方言能力的重要因素。因此,要树立科学的语言观,改变人们传统的“单语单言”意识,重视家庭语言规划,鼓励家长培养孩子的多语多言能力,营造普通话和方言并存共用的和谐多语生活。
This article investigates and analyzes 2515 local students’ language use and language ability in Shanghai and compared them with the related survey data in the past 15 years. The results show that the language usage habits of Shanghai youths have obviously changed, and the dialect ability has obviously decreased. Although the prevalence of dialects in adolescents has increased slightly with age, their dialect abilities do not show any significant age change. Adolescents’ first language acquisition, their language habits, their language attitudes, and their locales are important factors affecting their dialect ability. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific view of language, change people’s traditional “monolingual monolinguality” awareness, emphasize family language planning, encourage parents to cultivate children’s multilingual and multi-lingual abilities, and create a harmonious multilingual life in which mandarin and dialect coexist .