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目的对湖沼地区垸内有螺环境进行分类定级,以提高查螺工作效率,实现有螺环境分类管理。方法选择湖北省湖沼型血吸虫病流行区江陵县廖堤村和熊堤村为试验村,对其有螺环境按500 m为段进行分段,采用系统抽样法,以50 m和10 m设框分别对两村进行调查。按是否发现感染性螺点、有无野粪污染对有螺环境进行分类,统计两村各类有螺环境处数及面积。收集荆州市近5年来感染性螺点数据,按钉螺平均密度对有螺环境进行分级,探索有螺环境级别与感染性螺点数和有螺框出现率之间的关系。结果荆州市近5年来共有1 967处感染性螺点,有螺环境级别与有螺框出现率呈正相关关系(rs=0.77,P<0.01),有螺环境为5级时,感染性螺点数构成比为3.1%,有螺环境为2~3级,感染性螺点数构成比达56.3%。两试验村共有39处有螺环境,1、2、3类环境分别为1、18、20处,面积分别为1 080、51 640、41 220 m2。50 m设框与10 m设框查出的有螺环境分级差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.667,P>0.05),但后者查螺用时约为前者的3倍。结论对垸内有螺环境采用分类定级的查螺模式,可掌握查灭螺重点。分段定框查螺可节省查螺时间和人力资源,提高工作效率,同时也可掌握有螺环境的螺情分布现状,从而有利于实现对垸内有螺环境分类管理。
Objective To classify and classify the snail environment in the embankment in the lake area to improve the working efficiency of snail investigation and realize the classification and management of snail environment. Methods Liao Di Village and Xiong Di Village, Jiangling County, Hunan Province, where lakes and marshes were endemic, were selected as experimental villages. The conch environment was subdivided into 500 m sections. The system sampling method was used to set the boxes at 50 m and 10 m Two villages were investigated. According to whether the detection of infectious snails, with or without fecal contamination of the snail environment classification, statistics of the two villages all kinds of snail environment at the number and size. The infectious spiral data of Jingzhou City in the past five years were collected and the average value of snail density was used to classify the snail environment. The relationship between the snail environment level and infectious spiral points and the occurrence rate of snail frame was explored. Results There were a total of 1 967 infective snails in Jingzhou city in the past 5 years. There was a positive correlation between the snail environment and the occurrence of snail box (rs = 0.77, P <0.01). In the snail environment at 5 levels, The composition ratio is 3.1%, the snail environment is from 2 to 3, and the ratio of infectious spiral points is up to 56.3%. There were 39 conch environments in the two pilot villages, with 1, 18 and 20 locations in 1, 2 and 3 categories respectively with areas of 1 080, 51 640 and 41 220 m2.50 m and 10 m (Χ2 = 4.667, P> 0.05), but the latter was about 3 times of the former. Conclusions The snail mode of classification and grading of the snail environment in the embankment can grasp the key points of snail killing. Subsection check box check screw check thread can save time and human resources and improve work efficiency, but also can grasp the status of the screw snail distribution of the current situation, which is conducive to the realization of the classification of snail control within the embankment.