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胃癌的发生、发展涉及多种基因,包括癌基因、抑癌基因、细胞周期调节因子和转移相关基因等的改变。按组织病理学分型,胃癌可分为肠型和弥漫型(Lauren分型)、膨胀型和浸润型(Ming分型)或分化型和未分化型(日本分型)。通过分型可以区分两种在流行病学、病因学、发病机制和生物学行为方面均有所不同的胃癌,其中肠型、膨胀型和分化型属高分化型,而弥漫型、浸润型和未分化型属低分化型。这两种组织类型胃癌的基因改变情况是有差异的,这种分子基因改变的差异进一步提示了两者的发生、发展具有截然不同的基因通路。本文就近年来不同分化类型胃癌中的基因改变作一综述。
The occurrence and development of gastric cancer involve many genes, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators and metastasis-related genes. According to histopathological classification, gastric cancer can be divided into intestinal type and diffuse type (Lauren type), intumescent type and infiltrative type (Ming type), or differentiated type and undifferentiated type (Japanese type). By typing, we can distinguish two gastric cancers that differ in their epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and biological behavior. Among them, intestinal type, swollen and differentiated type are well-differentiated, while diffuse, infiltrative and Undifferentiated type is a poorly differentiated type. The two types of tissue types of gastric cancer gene changes are different, the difference between the molecular genetic changes further prompted the occurrence of both, the development has a very different genetic pathway. This article reviews the gene changes in different types of gastric cancer in recent years.