肺炎是严重威胁我国儿童健康和生命的四大常见病之一 ,中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组和中华儿科杂志编委会在世纪之交制定了“小儿急性呼吸道感染抗生素合理使用指南 (试行 )” ,肺炎在此指南的下部分[1] 中占了相当篇幅。社区获得性肺炎 (ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ Pneumonia is one of the four common diseases that seriously threaten the health and life of children in our country. At the turn of the century, the Respiratory Science Section of Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Board of China Pediatric Journal formulated the Guidelines for the Rational Use of Antibiotics for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infections ), Pneumonia accounts for a considerable portion of the lower part of this guideline [1]. Community-acquired pneumonia (communityacquired