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十多年来,麦蚜在我区年年发生,1962年和1971年特大发生,1964年冬小麦秋苗大发生,为害严重。1971年,全区276万亩小麦普遍遭受蚜,仅伽师县夏粮减产678万斤。一般年份麦二叉蚜还为害高粱,减产5—30％,严重的损失50％以上。1976—1977年,莎车、叶城、泽普和英吉沙县100余万亩小麦因蚜害严重进行了飞机防治。 我区麦蚜的种类有麦二又蚜Schizaphisgraminum(Rond.)和麦长管蚜Macrosiphumavenae(F.)两种。前者为优势种,在各类田块中占89—92％。现将我区麦蚜的发生和防治措施作简要的介绍,以供参考。 生物学特性 1.寄主植物:冬小麦是两种麦蚜的第一寄主,卵绝大部分产在冬麦田。春小麦、大麦、自生麦苗和高粱是最好的侨居寄主,在气温适宜时,可形成庞大的蚜群,造成严重为害。在水稻、糜子上生活的麦二叉蚜,发育较差,个体小,繁殖力低,为害甚微。田间调查和室内饲养证明,玉米是麦二蚜的偶然寄主。成蚜取食玉米,繁殖力低,寿命短;若蚜取食玉米不能存活。 2.个体发育:通过盆栽麦苗分组饲养证
More than a decade, the wheat aphid occurred in our district every year, especially in 1962 and 1971. In 1964, winter wheat seedling occurred in large quantities, causing serious damage. In 1971, 2.76 million mu of wheat in the region generally suffered from aphids, reducing the output of only 6.78 million kg of summer grain in Jiashi County. The general year of wheat aphides also harm sorghum, cut 5-30%, serious loss of more than 50%. From 1976 to 1977, more than 100 million hectares of wheat in Shache, Yecheng, Zepu and Yingjisha County were seriously affected by aphids. The wheat aphids in our area are two kinds of Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) And Macrosiphumavenae (F.). The former is the dominant species, accounting for 89-92% of all kinds of plots. Now the occurrence of wheat aphids in my area and prevention and control measures for a brief introduction for reference. Biological characteristics 1. Host plants: Winter wheat is the first host of two kinds of wheat aphids, the vast majority of eggs in winter wheat fields. Spring wheat, barley, self-raising wheat seedlings and sorghum are the best host for the host country. When the temperature is appropriate, a large group of aphids can be formed, causing serious damage. In rice, millet aphid life on wheat, poorly developed, small individuals, low fertility, little damage. Field surveys and indoor rearing proved that corn is the occasional host of wheat aphids. Into aphid feeding corn, low fertility, short life expectancy; if the aphids feeding corn can not survive. 2. Individual development: through the potted wheat seedlings group license