“黑色幽默”的旗手索尔·贝娄自称是“天生反对一切正统原则的离经叛道者”,但他承认 从十九世纪以来的文学大师都是“说教者”——我想也应该包括他自己在内。因为,广义的“说 教”不仅是作家的社会责任感的外化,而且也是作为传播手段的文学的不可剥离的内涵。一般地 说,文学总是难以和“说教”截然分开,不是这种说教就是那种说教。这也就是韩文公所谓“文以 载道”。“离经叛道”,并不是没有“道”,“盗亦有道”,不过是有异于“天下之达道”而已。 Sol Bellow, the “humorous” flag-bearer, claims to be “a deviant of innate opposition to all orthodoxy,” but acknowledges that literary gurus since the nineteenth century were “preachers” - and I think should include himself Included. Because, in a broad sense, “preaching” is not only the externalization of the writer’s sense of social responsibility, but also the indispensable content of literature as a means of communication. In general, literature is always difficult to separate from “preaching”, not that preaching is the kind of preaching. This is the so-called “text to load.” “Deviations” is not without “Tao”, “Pirates also have a proper way”, but it is different from “Tao of the world” only.