Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was first identified as the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in 1994. KSHV infection is necessary,but not sufficient for the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS),primary effusion lymphoma (PEL),and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Advances in the prevention and treatment of KSHV-associated Diseases have been achieved,even though current treatment options are ineffective,or toxic to many affected persons. The identification of new targets for potential future therapies and the randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of new antivirals are required. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was first identified as the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in 1994. KSHV infection is necessary, but not sufficient for the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Advances in the prevention and treatment of KSHV-associated Diseases have been achieved, even though current treatment options are ineffective, or toxic to many affected persons. The identification of new targets for potential future therapies and the randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of new antivirals are required.