药害是指因使用农药不当而引起植物发生的各种病态反应,施药后少则几小时,多则几天即表现出症状,多为斑点、失绿、枯焦、落花、落果甚至全株枯死等。产生药害的原因是多方面的。首先,从药剂本身来看,一般来说,杀虫剂、杀菌剂相对安全,而除草剂和植物生长调节剂较易产生药害;水溶性弱的有机制剂较安全如多菌灵,而水溶性强的无机制剂较易产生药害。如硫酸铜、抗生素类、微生物类农药、植物性农药等一般较安全,如井岗霉素、B·T、除虫菊素等;含有对作物敏感杂质较多的农药或混入对作物敏感的其它农药等也是造成药害的常见原因;不同农药剂型,以油剂和乳化性状不好的乳油较易引起药害,颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂等则相对安全。其次,不同作物对药剂的反应 Phytotoxicity refers to a variety of pathological reactions that occur in plants due to the improper use of pesticides. As few as few hours after application, many symptoms are manifested for a few days, mostly spots, chlorosis, burnt coke, fallen flowers and even whole plants Dead and so on. There are many causes of injury. First of all, from the pharmaceutical point of view, in general, insecticides, fungicides relatively safe, and herbicides and plant growth regulators prone to injury; weak water-soluble organic agents such as carbendazim safer, and water-soluble Strong inorganic agents prone to injury. Such as copper sulfate, antibiotics, microbial pesticides, plant-based pesticides, etc. are generally safer, such as Jinggangmycin, B · T, pyrethrin, etc .; containing more sensitive to crop pesticides or mixed with other crops sensitive to pesticides Is also a common cause of injury; different types of pesticides, oil and emulsifiable emulsifier less likely to cause injury, granules, wettable powders, etc. are relatively safe. Second, the response of different crops to pharmaceuticals