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目的:研究细辛的挥发性成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取细辛中的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪进行分析鉴定,并采用峰面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对含量。结果:共分离出93个化学成分,其中46个化学成分匹配度都在85%以上,占挥发油总量的78.81%。其中含量高于1%的成分有12个,以黄樟醚含量最高(18.18%),其次是甲基丁香酚(15.48%)、3,5-二甲氧基甲苯(11.34%)、3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯(7.51%)、β-蒎烯(3.24%)、(1S)-(+)-3-蒈烯(3.01%)、(1R)-(+)-α蒎烯(2.54%)、反油酸(2.33%)、肉豆蔻醚(2.00%)、优葛缕酮(1.96%)、桉叶油醇(1.38%)和4-烯丙基苯甲醚(1.33%)。结论:细辛挥发油主要化学成分为不饱和烯烃以及醛、酮、酚类等不饱和含氧化合物,且多是15个碳以下的小分子化合物。
Objective: To study the volatile components of Asarum Methods: Volatile constituents of Asarum were extracted by steam distillation and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative content of each component was determined by peak area normalization. Results: A total of 93 chemical constituents were isolated, of which 46 chemical constituents matched over 85%, accounting for 78.81% of the total volatile oil. Among them, 12 were higher than 1%, the highest content was luteolin (18.18%), followed by methyl eugenol (15.48%), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (11.34% 5-Trimethoxytoluene (7.51%), β-Pinene (3.24%), (1S) - (+) - 3-Carene (3.01% (2.33%), myristyl ether (2.00%), coumarone (1.96%), eucalyptol (1.38%) and 4-allyl anisole (1.33%). Conclusion: The main chemical components of volatile oil are unsaturated alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, phenols and other unsaturated oxygen compounds, and mostly less than 15 carbon molecules of small molecules.