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通过3年大田试验,调查分析了有机种植方式烤烟生长与产量变化,检测分析了烟叶中5种重金属等有害元素的含量,同时还检测了这些有害元素在有机烟叶工业验证品卷烟的含量,探讨有机种植方式对烟叶中有害元素的影响作用。结果表明,有机种植方式下,烤烟单产变化不大,中上等烟比例呈下降趋势,可能与示范区3年连作有关;烟叶中有害元素含量年度间变化为:汞含量有升有降,砷含量呈上升趋势;铅、铬、镉的含量呈下降趋势;5种有害元素在不同部位烟叶中含量差异较大,汞在上部和下部烟叶中的含量较高,中部叶较低;砷含量变化为上部>中部>下部;镉含量为中部>上部>下部;铅含量为中部叶较低,下部烟叶较高;铬的含量上部>中部>下部。有机烟叶工业验证品卷烟中铅、铬、镉含量远低于其烟叶。研究结果证明有机种植方式是控制卷烟原料重金属的有效途径之一。
Through three years of field trials, the growth and yield changes of flue-cured tobacco were investigated and analyzed. The contents of five harmful elements in tobacco leaves were detected and analyzed. The contents of these harmful elements in the certified cigarettes of organic tobacco industry were also examined Effects of Organic Planting Methods on Harmful Elements in Tobacco Leaves. The results showed that under the organic planting mode, the yield per unit area of flue-cured tobacco changed little, while the proportion of middle-high level of tobacco showed a declining trend, which may be related to the continuous cropping in the demonstration area for three years. The annual variation of harmful elements in tobacco leaves was as follows: The content of lead, chromium and cadmium showed a downward trend; the contents of five harmful elements in different parts of tobacco leaf were quite different, the content of mercury in upper and lower leaves was higher, the middle leaf was lower; the content of arsenic Upper part> middle part> lower part; cadmium content was middle> upper part> lower part; lead content was lower in middle leaves and lower leaves were higher; content of upper part of chromium> middle part> lower part. The contents of lead, chromium and cadmium in organic tobacco industry certified products are much lower than those of tobacco leaves. The results show that organic planting is one of the effective ways to control heavy metals in cigarette raw materials.