目的比较新生儿使用奈韦拉平(NVP)或齐多夫定(AZT)进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)母婴传播阻断的不良反应,探讨相应护理措施。方法 2014年1月至2016年1月期间,确诊HIV感染孕妇分娩的60名新生儿,随机服用NVP或AZT,每组各30人。观察记录其进行HIV母婴阻断28天服药期间发生的不良反应,及相应护理措施的效果。结果 60名新生儿,男性36人,女性24人,出生时平均孕周(37.50±2.10)周,平均体重(2 590.83±180.98)g,1分钟Apgar评分中位数9分,两组基本资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NVP组和AZT组服药后主要不良反应为:皮疹(40.00%vs 16.67%)、呕吐(50.00%vs 26.67%)、腹胀(40.00%vs 16.67%)、肝损害(33.33%vs 6.67%)、轻度贫血(36.67%vs 60.00%)及白细胞减少(30.00%vs 56.67%)。NVP组较AZT组容易发生皮疹、腹胀及肝损害(P<0.05),但较少出现白细胞减少(P<0.05)。针对各种不良反应,除给予药物处理外,均实施相应护理措施,新生儿服药期间所发生的不良反应均得到有效控制,无一例停药或换药,且出生后42天HIV核糖核酸载量检测均<20拷贝/mL。结论使用NVP或AZT对新生儿进行HIV母婴阻断,均可出现皮疹、呕吐、腹胀、肝损害、轻度贫血和白细胞减少等不良反应,经过治疗及综合护理,新生儿基本可以耐受。 Objective To compare neonatal neonatal use of nevirapine (NVP) or zidovudine (AZT) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (HIV) adverse reactions, to explore the appropriate nursing interventions. Methods From January 2014 to January 2016, 60 newborns diagnosed with HIV-infected pregnant women were randomized to receive NVP or AZT, 30 in each group. Observe and record the adverse reactions that occurred during the 28 days of taking the mother-baby blockage of HIV, and the corresponding nursing measures. Results A total of 60 newborns, 36 males and 24 females, average gestational age at birth (37.50 ± 2.10) weeks, average body weight (2 590.83 ± 180.98) g and median Apgar score of 1 minute 9 points. The basic data of two groups The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The main side effects of NVP and AZT were rash (40.00% vs 16.67%), vomiting (50.00% vs 26.67%), bloating (40.00% vs 16.67%), liver damage (33.33% vs 6.67%), light Degree of anemia (36.67% vs 60.00%) and leukopenia (30.00% vs 56.67%). Rash, bloating and liver damage were more likely to occur in the NVP group than in the AZT group (P <0.05), but leucopenia was less frequent (P <0.05). For a variety of adverse reactions, in addition to giving the drug treatment, the implementation of the corresponding care measures, neonatal medication during the occurrence of adverse reactions are effectively controlled, without stopping or dressing, and 42 days after birth HIV RNA load Detection was <20 copies / mL. Conclusion NVP or AZT may cause adverse reactions such as rash, vomiting, abdominal distension, liver damage, mild anemia and leucopenia in newborns. After treatment and comprehensive nursing, the newborns can basically tolerate.