以中国和美国为例,对两国产业结构的变迁进行了深入的比较分析,并通过构建产业结构合理化和高级化指标,测度产业结构变迁对经济增长的影响。研究表明:中美两国产业结构的演变具有相似性,产业结构变迁对经济增长的影响也有极强的相似性。这种相似性表现在产业结构变迁的趋势和周期波动上,也表现在产业结构的合理化和高级化演变对与经济增长的正面的影响上。针对中美两国产业结构对经济增长的影响分析表明,中美两国产业结构合理化与经济增长之间关系具有极强的稳定性,而产业结构高级化与经济增长之间关系并不稳定。最后,笔者提出了完善中国产业结构促进中国经济增长的政策建议。 Taking China and the United States as an example, the author makes an in-depth comparative analysis of the changes in the industrial structure between the two countries and measures the impact of changes in the industrial structure on economic growth through building rationalization and advanced indicators of the industrial structure. The research shows that the evolution of the industrial structure in China and the United States are similar, and the changes in the industrial structure have very strong similarities with the economic growth. This similarity is reflected in the trend of industrial structure changes and cyclical fluctuations, as well as the positive influence of the rationalization and evolution of industrial structure on economic growth. The analysis of the impact of industrial structure on economic growth between China and the United States shows that the relationship between the rationalization of industrial structure and economic growth in China and the United States is extremely stable and the relationship between advanced industrial structure and economic growth is not stable. Finally, the author puts forward some policy proposals to improve China’s industrial structure and promote China’s economic growth.