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研究了用饱和扩敞法制取Cr-Ni不锈钢粉的工艺和性能,探讨了氯化铵的添加量、混合料装填和密封方式,扩散时间、原料铁粉的质量等对不锈钢粉性能的影响。测定了不同工艺制取的不锈钢粉的化学成分及物理工艺性能。用电子探针和扫描电镜确定了不锈钢粉及其烧结体内铬,镍分布的均匀性,观察了它们的金相组织。对烧结体进行了常规的晶间腐蚀实验。用本方法制取的不锈钢粉中含有18～20％Cr,8～10％Ni,0.2～0.53％O_2,0.044～0.15％C,铬和镍的分布较均匀,这种不锈钢粉由于保持了还原铁粉发达的海绵状而具有较好的成形性,适于作粉末轧制的原料。
The process and performance of Cr-Ni stainless steel powder prepared by saturated expansion method were studied. The effects of ammonium chloride addition, packing and sealing of mixture, diffusion time and the quality of raw iron powder on the properties of stainless steel powder were discussed. The chemical compositions and physical properties of stainless steel powder prepared by different processes were determined. The homogeneity of the distribution of chromium and nickel in the stainless steel powder and its sintered body was confirmed by electron probe and scanning electron microscope. Their microstructure was observed. The sintered body was subjected to conventional intergranular corrosion experiments. The stainless steel powder prepared by the method comprises 18-20% of Cr, 8-10% of Ni, 0.2-0.53% of O 2 and 0.044-0.15% of C, and the distribution of chromium and nickel is more uniform. Since the stainless steel powder maintains the reduction Iron developed sponge-like and has good formability, suitable for powder rolling raw materials.