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马克思主义现代性批判的重要性毋庸置疑,然而对马克思现代性批判之本质的界定却存在歧义。有观点认为马克思现代性批判即把现代性的原则界定为理性,或者认为现代性的原则是理性与资本的混合。事实却是,马克思的现代性批判明确把现代性的原则界定为资本的逻辑。关于马克思现代性思想种种误读的根源就在于通过理性来理解马克思思想。资本相较于抽象的、理论性的理性更加具体、现实地解释了现代性的本质。而之所以把理性与资本混淆的原因在于,马克思的现代性批判把理性逻辑看作资本逻辑的一个环节,资本是对理性的扬弃和发展。
There is no doubt about the importance of Marxist critique of modernity. However, the definition of the essence of Marx’s modernity is ambiguous. The view is that Marx’s critique of modernity defines the principle of modernity as rational or that the principle of modernity is a mixture of reason and capital. The fact is, however, that Marx’s critique of modernity explicitly defines the principle of modernity as the logic of capital. The root of all kinds of misunderstandings about Marx’s modernity lies in understanding Marxism through reason. Capital is more specific than abstract and theoretical rationality, which explains the essence of modernity in a realistic way. The reason why the rationality is confused with capital lies in the fact that Marx’s critique of modernity regards rational logic as a link of capital logic, and capital discards and develops rationality.