奎因把科学和哲学的探索比喻成纽拉特的船,表示哲学和科学都具有可错性。虽然他对逻辑经验主义进行了尖锐的批判,但是其自然主义认识论却又贯彻了彻底的经验主义。奎因还通过诉诸其自然主义认识论解决一些归纳逻辑问题,因而这些问题既不需要演绎的证成,其自身也不需要辩护。 Quinn analogized the exploration of science and philosophy into Nerat’s ship, saying that philosophy and science are both erroneous. Although he made a sharp criticism of logical empiricism, his naturalistic epistemology carries out thorough empiricism. Quinn also solves some of the inductive logic problems by resorting to his naturalist epistemology, and thus neither of these issues require deductive evidence, nor do they themselves need to be defended.