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满语baturu(巴图鲁,勇士)赐号是清代统治者赐予有功之臣的名号,它经历了太祖太宗时期的萌芽、顺治至嘉庆时期的创立、道光至同治时期的发展、光绪至宣统时期的衰亡之过程。本文在阐释满语baturu赐号各阶段发展演变过程的同时,也从该赐号本身借词的变化及得该赐号者民族构成比例的变化对其各阶段的特点进行了总结。满语baturu赐号的这些变化不仅说明满族统治者一直不断坚持着自己本民族的文化,而且也间接地反映了满洲八旗兵力的衰落和清政府“满洲本位政策”的转变。
Manchu baturu (Batu Lu, Warriors) give number is given by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty meritorious service of the name, it has experienced the embryonic Taizong Taizong germination, the establishment of Shunzhi Jiaqing period, Daoguang to Tongzhi period of development, Guangxu To the decline of the Xuan Dynasty period of the process. While explaining the development and evolution of Manchu baturu’s poems, this article also summarizes the characteristics of each phase from the change of the poems’ own borrowing words and the change of ethnic composition. These changes in the Manchu baturu not only show that the Manchu rulers have consistently adhered to their own national culture but also indirectly reflected the decline of the Eight Banners in Manchuria and the change of the Qing government and Manchurian standard policy.