[Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus(P)efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province,and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection.[Method]Using 703 accessions of secondary core collections from 16 prefectures of five regions in Yunnan Province,two treatments of low available P(6.26mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 40mg/kg),and invalid P(available P 0.02 mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 70 mg/kg)were set,and zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P of rice landraces were investigated.[Result] Phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils from rice landraces of Yunnan Province had the similar identification indexes,viz.the relative indexes of four traits(tillering ability or effective panicle,root weight,biomass,and straw weight)could be the screening indexes of gene type of secondary core collection with phosphorus efficiency,which also reflected the zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of 16 prefectures among five regions.On the contrary,the relative panicle length,node length under panicle,leaf length,leaf width and plant height could only be the assistant indexes of identification for phosphorus efficiency.There were similar zonal characteristics between phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of rice landraces in Yunnan Province.[Conclusion] The study had great importance to the conservation and utilization of biological diversity,which would make contribution to second green revolution of “less input,multiple output,promote health,and protect the environment”. [Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus (P) efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province, and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection. [Method] Using 703 accessions of secondary core collections from 16 prefectures of five regions in Yunnan Province, two treatments of low available P (6.26 mg / kg) versus normal P (available P 40 mg / kg), and invalid P (available P 0.02 mg / kg) versus normal P (available P 70 mg / kg) and zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of the invalid P of rice landraces were investigated. [Result] Phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils from rice landraces of Yunnan Province had the similar identification indexes, viz. the relative indexes of four traits (tillering ability or effective panicle, root weight, biomass, and straw weight) could be the screening indexes of gene type of secondary core collection with phosphorus efficiency, which also reflected the zonal char acteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of 16 prefectures among five regions. On the contrary, the relative panicle length, node length under panicle, leaf length, leaf width and plant height could only be the assistant indexes of identification for phosphorus efficiency .here were similar zonal characteristics between phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of rice landraces in Yunnan Province. [Conclusion] The study had great importance to the conservation and utilization of biological diversity, which would make contribution to second green revolution of “less input, multiple output, promote health, and protect the environment ”.