自从Schonben和Feraday发现铁在浓硝酸中的化学钝化现象以来,金属的饨化已经引起了许多科学家的巨大兴趣,并且成为当今腐蚀理论领域中一个中心研究课题。这不仅是由于它在了解金属表面状况方面的理论意义,而且也由于它的巨大实用价值。从热力学上讲,绝大多数金属,在通常遇到的介质中(如大气,各种电解质溶液等)都将自发地腐蚀。可是,金属“表面氧化状态”的形成,大大地降低了金属腐蚀速度,增加了金属的耐蚀性能。如果没有钝化现象,很难设想金属能成为今天工业中最重要和使用最广泛的材料。但是,关于这个金属“表面 Since Schonben and Feraday discovered the chemical deactivation of iron in concentrated nitric acid, metal evaporation has attracted the great interest of many scientists and has become a central research topic in the field of corrosion theory today. This is not only due to its theoretical significance in understanding the condition of the metal surface, but also because of its immense practical value. Thermodynamically, most metals will spontaneously corrode in commonly encountered media (such as the atmosphere, various electrolyte solutions, etc.). However, the formation of metal “surface oxidation state” greatly reduces the metal corrosion rate and increases the corrosion resistance of the metal. Without passivation, it is hard to imagine metals as the most important and widely used material in today’s industry. But about this metal "surface