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河口区是联系大气圈、岩石圈、水圈和生物圈的重要枢纽。厘清河口区碳的行为机理,特别是二氧化碳(CO2)在水—气界面的交换过程,有助于提高对近海碳源汇格局的认识。通过总结河口CO2水—气交换的国内外最新进展,得出如下结论:①不同河口水体二氧化碳分压(pCO2)空间分布存在一般模式,但pCO2具体季节变化存在差异;②全球河口区面积虽小,但其CO2的水—气释放通量高达0.25×1015~0.50×1015g C/a,约有1/3的河流碳经过河口过程被释放到大气中;③有机质的呼吸降解、外源CO2的横向传递、水体内部矿物沉淀以及水流的紊动构成了河口水体CO2向大气释放的主要驱动过程。目前,气体传输速率k和全球河口面积估算的不确定性依旧很大,已有的河口样本还不能充分代表不同类型的河口系统来支撑全球河口CO2水—气界面交换通量的精确估算。
The estuary area is an important hub for connecting the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Clarifying the behavior of carbon in estuarine areas, especially the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the water-gas interface, helps to raise awareness of the pattern of offshore carbon sinks and sinks. By summarizing the recent progress both at home and abroad, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) There is a general pattern of spatial distribution of pCO2 in different estuaries, but there are differences in seasonal changes of pCO2; (2) the global estuary area is small , But its CO2 water-gas release flux is as high as 0.25 × 1015 ~ 0.50 × 1015g C / a. About one-third of the river carbon is released into the atmosphere through the estuary. ③The degradation of organic matter, Lateral transfer, sedimentation of water bodies and the turbulence of water flow constitute the main driving force for the release of CO2 from the estuarine water to the atmosphere. At present, the estimation of gas transport rate k and global estuary area is still uncertain. The existing estuary samples can not adequately represent different types of estuarine systems to support accurate estimation of CO2 water-gas interface exchange flux in the global estuary.