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在产品生产的全球化趋势下,一种产品的完成可能涉及到在几个国家进行的多道加工工序,各国的现行贸易政策和法律对来自不同产地的相同或相似产品的进口规定了不同的待遇,如适用不同的关税率或归入不同的配额等,而且大多数国家的法律只允许产品有一个产地。这一现实向我们提出了两个问题:其一,产地的含义是什么?其二,如果一个产品是由来自不同国家的原材料、零部件经过在另外一些国家进行的制造、加工工序而完成的,如何确定这个产品的产地?原产地规则——确定进入国际贸易的货物的国籍的法律规则——正是要解决这些问题的。所有对不同产地的产品规定了不同待遇的法律都需要借助原产地规则来实施。涉及差别关税的经贸安排(如关税同盟、自由贸易区或普遍优惠制等)。以国别为基础采取的反倾销、反补贴措施、各种进口配额(如《多边纤维协定》下的纺织品配额)、贸易保障或报复措施、
In the globalization of product production, the completion of one product may involve multiple processes in several countries. Current trade policies and laws in different countries regulate the import of the same or similar products from different places. Treatment, such as the application of different tariff rates or into different quotas, etc., and most countries only allow the product to have a place of origin. This reality raises two questions for us. First, what is the meaning of the place of production? Second, if a product is manufactured from raw materials and parts from different countries through manufacturing and processing operations in other countries , How to determine the origin of the product? Rules of origin - to determine the nationality of goods entering the international trade rules and regulations - it is to solve these problems. All laws that stipulate different treatment for products of different origins need to be implemented with the rules of origin. Economic and trade arrangements involving differential tariffs (such as customs unions, free trade zones or universal concessions). Anti-dumping and countervailing measures on a country-by-country basis, various import quotas (such as textile quotas under the Multilateral Fibers Agreement), trade protection or retaliation measures,