目的　探讨柴油机废气对作业人员恶性肿瘤死亡的影响。方法　测定机务段作业场所柴油机废气颗粒物 (DEP)浓度、分散度 ,对其职工癌的死亡做回顾性队列研究。结果　DEP总颗粒物浓度最高为 1 .4 6mg m3,最低为 0 .1 9mg m3,以可吸入DEP为主。队列成员恶性肿瘤死亡粗死亡率为 4 6 .1 2 1 0万 ,低于哈尔滨市一般人群 (其中肺癌、肝癌分别占恶性肿瘤的 4 0 .74 %、33.33% )。而与内对照组相比 ,暴露组 1、2恶性肿瘤死亡RR分别为 3.83、3.6 2 ,SRR分别是 5 .0 6、5 .1 1 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　该机务段DEP浓度较低 ,以可吸入颗粒物为主 ;该职业人群中恶性肿瘤特别是肝癌、肺癌死亡率增高不容忽视 ,接触水平和接触时间是作业人群恶性肿瘤高发的重要因素 Objective To investigate the effects of diesel engine exhaust on the death of workers with malignant tumors. Methods The concentration and dispersion of diesel particulate matter (DEP) in the locomotive depot were measured, and a retrospective cohort study was conducted on the death of their workers. Results The highest concentration of total particulate matter (DEP) in DEP was 1.46 mg m3, the lowest was 0.19 mg m3, mainly inhaling DEP. Cohort members had a death rate of 46.121 million from malignant tumors, which was lower than that of the general population in Harbin (lung cancer and liver cancer accounted for 40.73% and 33.33% of malignant tumors, respectively). Compared with the control group, the death RR of group 1 and group 2 were 3.83 and 3.62, respectively, and the SRRs were 5.06 and 5.1 (P> 0.05) respectively. Conclusions The DEP concentration in this locomotive depot is low, with inhalable particles as the mainstay. The occupational population should not be neglected in the increase of malignant tumors, especially liver cancer and lung cancer. The exposure level and exposure time are the important factors for the high incidence of malignant tumors