在国家或政府起源的理论中,社会契约论影响最为深远。自经济学创立以来,围绕政府应该充当什么样的角色这一问题学界一直争论不休。政府在经济中通常可以充当三种角色,即无为政府、扶持政府和掠夺政府。要使政府能成为“善”的政府,一方面可以鼓励政府之间进行良性竞争,一方面是能够监督政府的行为。而政府的竞争是否是良性的,取决于政府是否能得到有效监督。 In the theory of the origins of the state or government, the social contract theory has the most profound influence. The academic circle has been debating the question of what role the government should play since the founding of economics. The government can usually play three roles in the economy, that is, implacable government, government support and predatory government. To make the government a “good” government can, on the one hand, encourage healthy competition among the governments and on the other hand, it can supervise the government. Whether the government competition is benign depends on whether the government can be effectively supervised.