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Background The sirolimus and paclitaxel distribution patts and tissue residence time may be modified in atherosclerotic lesions for patients with diabetes, and the biological mechanisms of action for these agents differ significantly. Previous clinical trials have yielded discrepant results of major adverse cardiac events and restenosis between a sirolimus-eluting stent and a paclitaxel-eluting stent in coronary artery disease. Therefore, this study was conduced to compare in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes between patients receiving sirolimus-eluting stent(Cypher or Cypher Select stent) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus Express stent) after percutaneous intervention (PCI)in Chinese patients with diabetes.Methods One hundred and sixty-four consecutive diabetic patients underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital from April 2004 to December 2004. Of them, 101 patients received Cypher or Cypher Select stents (Cypher group, 145 stents) and 63patients received Taxus Express stents (Taxus group, 129 stents). Repeat coronary angiography was performed at6-month and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Stent thrombosis was classified according to Academic Research Consortium (ARC).Results The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction (re-MI),target vessel revascularization (TVR) and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). And the MACE-free cumulative survival at 1- and 3-year follow-up and early, late and very late thrombosis rates were also similar in the two groups (all P＞0.05). There was a trend favoring PES over SES with regard to reducing cardiac death (0 vs 2.0%,P=0.524), re-MI (0 vs 2.0%, P=0.524), the composite of the cardiac death and re-MI (0 vs 4.0%, P=0.299) and very late thrombosis (0 vs 3.0%, P=0.295) between 1-year and 3-year follow-up.Conclusion The study indicates that PCI with either Cypher or Taxus stents is associated with similar efficacy and safety in the small population of Chinese diabetic patients during long-term follow-up.