目的探讨甲状旁腺功能减退症的误诊原因及防治对策。方法回顾性分析1998年1月-2010年12月我院收治的12例误诊病例的临床资料。结果本组病例中误诊为癫痫7例,神经官能症1例,蛛网膜下腔出血2例,帕金森氏病1例,低钙血症1例。明确诊断后经给予补充钙剂治疗后临床症状均好转。结论甲状旁腺功能减退症临床少见,极易发生误诊误治,临床医生应不断加强对该疾病的认识,可明显降低误诊率,早诊断、早治疗,可取得满意的临床效果。 Objective To investigate the causes of misdiagnosis and prevention and treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Methods The clinical data of 12 cases misdiagnosed in our hospital from January 1998 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients were misdiagnosed as epilepsy in 7 cases, 1 case of neurosis, 2 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 case of Parkinson’s disease and 1 case of hypocalcemia. After a definite diagnosis of clinical symptoms after treatment of calcium supplementation were improved. Conclusion The hypoparathyroidism is rare and prone to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Clinicians should continue to strengthen their understanding of the disease, which can significantly reduce the rate of misdiagnosis, early diagnosis and early treatment and achieve satisfactory clinical results.