目的　探讨后纵隔哑铃状神经源性肿瘤的切除方法。方法　1994年6月~2003年5月经胸联合后正中径路切除后纵隔哑铃状神经源性肿瘤4例,其中神经纤维瘤3例,神经鞘瘤1例。全部病人均选择经胸联合后正中径路切除肿瘤。结果　4例肿瘤均全部切除,症状均有不同程度改善,术后病人均能正常生活,未见肿瘤复发。结论　经胸联合后正中径路一期切除后纵隔哑铃状神经源性肿瘤是安全可靠的手术方式。 Objective To investigate the resection of posterior mediastinum dumbbell neurogenic tumors. Methods From June 1994 to May 2003, 4 cases of dumbbell neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum were excised after transthoracic junctional approach. There were 3 neurofibroma and 1 nerve sheath tumor. All patients were selected by transthoracic surgery after the middle of the road to remove the tumor. Results All the 4 tumors were resected, and the symptoms were improved to varying degrees. All the patients were able to live normally without tumor recurrence. Conclusions The transthoracic dumbbell neurogenic tumor after primary transthoracic resection is a safe and reliable surgical approach.