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评述了焊接残余应力检测常用方法的原理、适用范围和优缺点．利用结构钢中存在着一定程度的拉压异性,探索焊接残余应力无损测试的新方法．即利用碳素结构钢的拉伸、压缩弹性模量或拉、压状态下的泊松比存在大约3%的差值,进行了用反向叠加应力法无损检测焊接残余应力的实验研究,并将实验所得到的焊接残余应力值与盲孔法所得值进行比较．结果表明:建立在碳素结构钢拉压异性基础上的反向叠加应力无损检测法,在一定的条件下可用于测定焊接残余应力,具有简便、有效、精度高的特点．
The principle, applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages of common methods of welding residual stress testing are reviewed. The use of structural steel in the existence of a certain degree of tension and compression of the opposite, to explore new methods of welding residual stress nondestructive testing. That is to say, using the difference of tensile and compressive elastic modulus of carbon steel structure or Poisson’s ratio of about 3% under tension and compression conditions, experimental study of non-destructive testing of welding residual stress by reverse stacking stress method was carried out. The experimental results obtained by welding residual stress and blind hole method values were compared. The results show that the reverse superposition stress nondestructive testing method based on the tensile and compressive properties of carbon structural steel can be used to measure the welding residual stress under certain conditions. It is simple, effective and accurate.