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工业社会是一个竞争的社会,竞争的社会需要协作体系来维护,协作生成于竞争之中又对竞争加以管理和约束。政策就是协作体系的一部分,或者说是协作的一种路径。政策通过抽象的规范系统将不确定的个体行为纳入到规范和控制之中,从而为竞争的开展提供平台。在政策的运作下,一个他治的社会生成了,政策成为一种外在于人的管理工具。在后工业化进程中,合作关系逐渐占据主导地位,竞争的社会逐步由合作的社会所取代,政策也将从一个外在于人的管理工具转为内生于人的合作行动系统的构成要素。张康之教授的《合作的社会及其治理》一书为合作社会及其中的公共政策做出了全新且全面的规划,这是对合作社会中的社会治理工具作出的创新性的构想。
The industrial society is a competitive society, and the competing society needs the cooperation system to maintain it. Collaboration is generated in the competition and the competition is managed and restrained. Policy is part of a collaborative system or a path to collaboration. Policy through the abstract normative system will be uncertain of individual behavior into the norms and controls, so as to provide a platform for competition. Under the operation of the policy, a society under his rule was born, and policy became an external man’s management tool. In the process of post-industrialization, the cooperative relations gradually dominated. The competitive society was gradually replaced by the cooperative society. The policy would also be transformed from an external man-management tool to an endogenous co-operative system. Professor Zhang Kangzhi’s book, The Cooperative Society and Its Governance, sets out a new and comprehensive picture of the cooperative society and its public policies, an innovative concept of social governance tools in a cooperative society.