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目的了解农村学生肺结核患病的影响因素,为有效控制肺结核疫情提供基础支持。方法选取靖远县和会宁县正在接受肺结核治疗或治疗结束1个月内的农村患病学生40名为病例组,以年龄接近、非结核病患者学习压力相当为非筛选条件,选取市区某高中高三某班学生60名为对照组,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查,由经过培训的调查员分别进行电话调查和现场调查。结果病例组有45%的学生BMI<18.5 kg/m2,对照组仅有15%;病例组每学期平均生活费为(1 365±559)元,对照组为(2 630±1 018)元;对照组营养状况明显好于病例组;病例组锻炼人数占45%,远低于对照组的90%,两组晚上睡眠时间分别为(7.225±0.891)和(6.192±0.479)h;对照组肺结核知识知晓率(54%)明显高于病例组(25%),两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,每学期生活费不足者患病风险是充足者的32.40倍。病人发现与就诊延迟较为严重。结论学生免疫力降低,肺结核知识缺乏,发生肺结核时不能及时诊断和治疗,传染源长期在校内、教室内、宿舍内排菌,长期与传染源密切接触,是白银市农村学生肺结核高发的主要原因。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in rural students and provide basic support for controlling tuberculosis outbreak effectively. Methods Jingyuan County and Huining County are selected in the treatment of tuberculosis or within 1 month after the end of the treatment of 40 rural students in the case group, with the age close to non-tuberculosis patients learning pressure rather non-screening conditions, select a high school in urban areas Sixty high school students in class as a control group, the use of self-designed questionnaire survey conducted by the trained investigators were telephone survey and on-site investigation. Results In the case group, 45% of the students had a BMI of <18.5 kg / m2, compared with 15% of the control group. The average cost of living in each case was (1 365 ± 559) yuan in the case group and (2 630 ± 1 018) yuan in the control group The nutritional status of the group was significantly better than that of the case group. The number of exercise group was 45%, much lower than 90% of the control group. The night sleep time was (7.225 ± 0.891) and (6.192 ± 0.479) The awareness rate (54%) was significantly higher than that of the case group (25%), with significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of under-life students per semester was 32.40 times of those who were adequately afflicted. Patients found to be delayed and treated more seriously. Conclusions Students’ immunity is low, the knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis is poor, the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis can not be timely diagnosed, and the source of infection is long-term in school, in the classroom and in dormitory, and is in close contact with infectious sources for a long time. .